In recent years, the importation of fruits and vegetables into the United Kingdom (UK) has undergone significant transformations, largely driven by Brexit and new trade policies implemented by the British government. In this article, we will examine the latest updates in risk categorization for vegetables and plant products, the effects of Brexit, and how these changes may impact Spanish fruit and vegetable exporters.
Impact of Brexit on Fruit and Vegetable Imports
Brexit has marked a turning point in trade relations between the UK and the European Union. Spanish fruits and vegetables, which previously circulated without barriers within the European single market, now face new challenges in the UK. These changes, including the implementation of border controls and phytosanitary certifications, have significantly altered the flow of goods. Below, we delve deeper into the specific effects of Brexit on this sector.
Changes in Trade Rules
Since January 1, 2021, when the UK its exit from the European Union, the rules governing imports into the UK have changed drastically. Before Brexit, Spanish fruits and vegetables moved freely within the European single market. However, these products are now subject to stricter border controls and phytosanitary certification, adding complexity and costs to the export process.
Northern Ireland Protocol
One of the most unique aspects of Brexit is the Northern Ireland Protocol, which keeps this region aligned with the EU’s sanitary and phytosanitary standards. This means that, unlike the rest of the United Kingdom, no additional controls or certifications are required to export fruits and vegetables from the EU to Northern Ireland. This protocol has created a scenario where export operations to Northern Ireland remain largely unchanged, facilitating trade between Spain and this specific region.
New Risk Categorization for Plant Products
To improve the management and control of imports, the United Kingdom has updated its risk categorization for plant products, introducing new classifications that divide products into subgroups based on their risk level. These changes, though necessary to protect plant health, mean that exporters must quickly adapt to comply with the new requirements. Below, we detail these updates and their impact on the import process.
Medium Risk Classification A and B
Recently, the UK updated its risk categorization for plant products, introducing two subgroups within the medium-risk category: medium risk A and medium risk B.
- Products classified as medium risk A require a phytosanitary certificate and must be pre-notified before entering the UK.
- Products of medium risk B also require a phytosanitary certificate but are exempt from the pre-notification requirement.
This change in categorization means exporters must pay closer attention to the specific classification of their products to avoid delays at the border.
Temporary Flexibilities for Importation
Until January 31, 2025, the United Kingdom has introduced temporary flexibilities for the importation of certain medium-risk vegetables and plant products from the EU, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein. During this period, these products do not need a phytosanitary certificate or pre-notification, which has been a temporary relief for exporters. However, after this date, all products will need to comply with full phytosanitary requirements according to their risk categorization.
Consequences for Spanish Exporters
These regulatory changes in the United Kingdom present not only challenges but also opportunities for Spanish exporters. While meeting the new requirements may increase costs and shipping times, it also offers a chance to innovate in logistics and strengthen their presence in the UK market. Below, we explore the main consequences and strategies that exporters can adopt to mitigate the impacts.
Preparations for New Requirements
For Spanish fruit and vegetable exporters, it is crucial to be prepared by January 31, 2025, when the temporary flexibilities will end. This means adjusting logistical and administrative processes to comply with new phytosanitary requirements, avoiding delays in getting products into the United Kingdom.
Impact on Costs and Shipping Times
The changes in risk categorization and the need to comply with additional phytosanitary requirements will inevitably increase export costs and shipping times. Exporters are likely to incur additional costs related to certification, pre-notification, and border controls. Moreover, potential delays at the border could affect the freshness and quality of fruits and vegetables, impacting their competitiveness in the UK market.
Strategies to Mitigate Impact
To mitigate these challenges, exporters may consider the following strategies:
- Advance Planning: Ensure that all documents and certifications are in order before export.
- Collaboration with Logistics and Customs Experts: Work with specialized companies like Partida Logistics to navigate the complex customs procedures and reduce the risk of delays.
- Market Diversification: Explore new markets outside the United Kingdom to reduce dependence on a single market.
The Future of Trade between the United Kingdom and the EU
As the United Kingdom adapts to its new post-Brexit reality, trade relations with the European Union continue to evolve. The British government has introduced a series of initiatives to facilitate trade and avoid shortages of fresh products. These policies could positively impact Spanish fruit and vegetable exports if properly leveraged. Below, we examine these initiatives and their potential effect on trade.
New Policies of the British Government
With the recent change in government in the United Kingdom, led by Prime Minister Keir Starmer, new negotiations have been promised to improve trade relations with the EU. These negotiations could include simplifying border controls and reducing trade barriers, directly benefiting Spanish exporters. That’s why it’s important to know which are the most important ports in Great Britain.
Modernization of the Border Operating Model
The United Kingdom is implementing the Border Target Operating Model, a new border operating model aimed at simplifying and digitizing controls. This model could include the creation of a single trade window, streamlining import processes and reducing waiting times at the border.
Potential Reduction of Shortages
In response to shortages in British supermarkets in recent years, the government is also investing in domestic fruit and vegetable production. Although these investments are designed to complement the import of fresh products, they could influence the demand for imported goods, including those from Spain.
